Introduce several commonly used defect testing methods for perovskite modules

With the vigorous development of perovskite photovoltaic technology, the application of perovskite modules in photovoltaic power stations is becoming increasingly widespread. However, during the production and usage processes, perovskite modules may encounter various defect problems such as bubbles, cracks, and film peeling. These defects not only affect the appearance and performance of the components, but may also pose a threat to the safe operation of photovoltaic power stations. Therefore, it is of vital importance to conduct precise defect tests on perovskite modules. This article will provide a detailed introduction to several commonly used defect testing methods for perovskite modules, helping users better understand and select the testing scheme that suits them.

First of all, let's talk about visual inspection. As the most fundamental inspection method, visual inspection mainly relies on the human eye or a magnifying glass to observe the surface of perovskite modules. Although this method is simple and easy to implement with a relatively low cost, its detection effect on minor defects is not ideal. Therefore, in practical applications, visual inspection is more often used for general checks rather than precise defect identification.

Next comes infrared imaging detection. This method uses an infrared thermal imager to scan perovskite modules and determines whether there are defects based on the differences in thermal radiation. Due to defects such as bubbles and cracks, which can lead to poor heat conduction and form abnormal temperature areas, infrared imaging technology can clearly reveal these abnormal areas. Infrared imaging inspection has the advantages of non-contact, rapidity and non-destructiveness, and can accurately detect the defects of perovskite modules. However, it is costly and requires a high level of skill from the operators.

Ultrasonic testing is another effective non-destructive testing method. It uses high-frequency ultrasonic waves to scan perovskite modules and determines whether there are defects inside the modules by analyzing the reflection, refraction and propagation laws of ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic testing has the advantages of being non-contact, non-destructive and highly accurate. It can detect minute defects inside components, but it also requires professional equipment and operators.

Electrical performance testing is carried out by measuring the electrical parameters such as current and voltage of perovskite modules to determine their performance and whether there are any defects. This method is simple and fast to operate and can reflect the overall performance status of the component. However, electrical performance testing has certain requirements for the testing environment and the skills of the operators, and may not be sensitive enough to some specific defects.

Finally, we introduce X-ray inspection. This method uses X-rays to penetrate and image perovskite modules, and determines whether there are defects inside the modules by analyzing the degree of absorption and scattering of X-rays. X-ray inspection has advantages such as high precision and high penetration, and can reveal the fine structures inside components. However, it is costly and requires professional equipment and operators.

In conclusion, visual inspection, infrared imaging inspection, ultrasonic inspection, electrical performance inspection and X-ray inspection are commonly used defect testing methods for perovskite modules. These methods each have their own advantages and disadvantages and are suitable for different application scenarios and requirements. In practical applications, we should select appropriate testing methods based on specific circumstances to ensure the quality and safety of perovskite modules.

In addition, with the continuous advancement of technology, the defect testing technology for perovskite modules is also constantly evolving. In the future, we can expect the emergence of more intelligent and automated testing methods, such as the use of machine vision technology to achieve automated visual inspection and infrared imaging inspection, etc. The development of these technologies will further reduce testing costs and improve testing efficiency, providing a strong guarantee for the sustained and healthy development of the perovskite photovoltaic industry.